Research Problem and Objectives free essay sample

This is because we want to identify and investigate what is the impact of using Smartphone during their study sessions whether it’s give positive or negative impact. This is proved by other researcher that found the other title about Smartphone which is ‘Student Engagement and Experience Journal, volume1 (issue1). Title: Considering the Smartphone Learner: an investigation into student interest in the use of personal technology to enhance their learning by Woodcock, B. Middleton, A. and Nortcliffe, A. (2012). The research sought to establish the extent to which students are autonomously harnessing Smartphone technology to support their learning and the nature of this use. Initial findings were explored through student interviews. The study found that students, who own Smartphones are largely unaware of their potential to support learning and, in general, do not install Smartphone applications for that purpose’. And also ‘According to Eteokleous and Ktoridou (2009), the advances in mobile technologies have brought additional opportunities in the new era of mobile learning, making it possible and easy to enrich the learning experiences of individual learners. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Problem and Objectives or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The opportunities offered by the most recent mobile technology, in the development of mobile phones present new opportunities and new challenges to educational systems. For data analysis the study by Eteokleous and Ktoridou (2009) used the chi-square (x2), the nonparametric statistics test testing for the distribution of scores across the groups’. We will use questionnaire and survey the student in SBE about this problem.

Character Analysis Using Theory Of Personality Development Social Work Essays

Character Analysis Using Theory Of Personality Development Social Work Essays Character Analysis Using Theory Of Personality Development Social Work Essay Character Analysis Using Theory Of Personality Development Social Work Essay several people are fighting with personality issues. The theory by Freud has helped us to analyze an person s character and to be able to pull a decision refering the degree of development of the Id, self-importance and superego. My Experience During my internship at the general ward as a practicing nurse to be, I was able to see teamwork struggles. This experience played good during the conference, therefore enabling me to larn more from a practical attack. I was besides able to portion my experience with the other IP squad members. I besides learnt of import facets of IP communicating and working that are built-in to the success of IP coaction. These include, non utilizing slangs, listening whenever other squad members are speaking, oppugning premises sanely, advancing the rights and self-respect of IP squad members. There are certain footings that adult nurses will utilize which cause confusion and ambiguity, therefore doing others who assume the significance of slangs to error. On the other manus, I would besides larn to decide ethical issues within my IP squad. Certain ethical issues are bound to impact the IP coaction within my working squads. I would hence esteem other IP squad member s ethical standing and attack any indifference with a voice of ground in a command to drive sense into the squad member s apprehension. Indeed, most of the squad members agreed to the fact that favoritism was so a shared concern. During my internship, I watched a patient walk in with his girlfriend. It was apparent that from the start, the physician on call could non give effectual way and as if this was non plenty, the physician could non take a leading function and advice the girlfriend to quiet down. I believe as a hereafter grownup nurse, I would hold tackled this state of affairs with more humor. My first measure would hold been to take control of the state of affairs and give the patient options with the benefits of each. This would hold given more insight to the girlfriend and cut down the struggle. I would besides originate active communicating with the remainder of the grownup nurses for audience in privateness. Interprofessional instruction would hold enabled me to efficaciously originate communicating with my squad members, therefore taking control of the state of affairs in good clip. As an grownup nurse, every patient s status is of import since my nucleus value is to continue life. I have besides learnt the effectivity of working in partnership with the patients through hearing and reacting to their concerns. I have besides learnt that it would be of import to confer with with the patients sing their intervention and attention before get downing such. While reflecting this experience, I shall work closely with my squad members as an grownup nurse and invariably pass on with the relevant governments and IP squad members for quality wellness and societal attention bringing. I truly acknowledge that I would necessitate a compendious apprehension of teamwork and modern attacks towards wellness and societal solutions. As a hereafter grownup nurse, I will ever guarantee that I initiate effectual communicating with the remainder of my IP squad members so as to work together for the common good of the patients. The experience that I learnt was so utile as it would enable me to efficaciously go a successful grownup nurse who would stand out from the remainder. The person-centred attack was peculiarly imperative in guaranting that I am able to understand the generation of multi-disciplinary teamwork. I so acknowledge that issues associating to patient attention should be approached with interprofessional teamwork so that each medical practician offers advice in his or her country of professional cognition while guaranting that they work as a squad. My experience at the multi-disciplinary conference would enable me to go a successful grownup nurse who values teamwork and professional coaction. This conference has besides enabled me to hold a clear image of what medical professionals go through and what can be done to debar such challenges. I now feel adequately capable of tacking these challenges that my calling as an grownup nurse will supply. I have besides learnt to take into history the positions of other people when doing of import determinations. Indeed issues of race, gender, category and gender among others should non impact multi-disciplinary teamwork. Cultural and societal differences should non be construed as effectual barriers to IP teamwork. As a hereafter grownup nurse, the conference was a brainstorming session which expanded my experience. I was besides able to larn that certain general footings used by patients to mention to their unwellness may so do great confusion among professional wellness and societal attention practicians. These are referred to as stereotypes. In such a state of affairs, the wellness and societal professional practician should confer with the other members of his or her IP group or squad so as to come up with the proper reading therefore limit mistakes in the intervention of the patient s status. Synergy theoretical account of nursing supports this statement and calls for more audience in the intervention of the patient. The group treatment on IP instruction enabled me to visualise the world between theory and pattern. The patient-centred position was clearly illuminated by the patient s voice presentation. The exclusion of IP working has been seen in collaborative intervention. Decisions made by single inexperient physicians have been tragic. The instance of Victoria Climbie and Baby Peter can outdo illuminate this when Baby Tiffany passed on due to negligence. Findingss from this tragic state of affairs enabled physicians and nurses to set up a model that saw the bar of such state of affairss. It was agreed that IP squads would non be able to forestall the happening of every tragic incidence. Some would so be inevitable. Hence, I was able to larn the value of communicating and coaction in the physique up to my calling as an grownup nurse. Calla lily besides seems to be fighting with her gender. She is a sapphic but before the Christian resurgence she can non squeal her feelings to Rachel because of the society s positions on the topic but after the meeting everyone is experiencing like they can open up and that is when she openly tells Rachel of her feelings even though she is turned down. Decision In decision, we can state that the three elements that make up person s personality are really important in modeling the character of person and greatly act upon what person turns into when they are grownups. We should hence endeavor to assist the Id, self-importance and superego to turn good and the self-importance particularly should be nurtured to excel the other two in laterality, because as research has shown for a sound believing grownup, the self-importance should rule. Equally much as this may non be achieved in all people, those who hang around kids should actuate them so that they do non hold jobs in maturity in individuality or of self-esteem like was the instance of Rachel and Calla. Rachel s super-ego is something to think with though at times she seems to be non confident plenty to undertake the state of affairs at manus. She stands out as a she-wolf, ever prehending any chance that comes her manner.

Saleh's english Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Saleh's english - Essay Example Phenomenon happened in the Millennium Bridge was rather serious. Norman Foster as the designer made the bridge strongly designed and estimated to be able to cope with degree of movements. As a matter of fact, serious trouble occurred on its deck when it swayed just like a drunken sailor. People who experienced that phenomenon told that it felt like a seasick. The worst thing was the elderly walkers clung on the side of the bridge. In a view, the phenomenon was like swaying bridge as a fairground ride. As it had been observed, the movements occurred on the Millennium Bridge were caused by Synchronous Lateral Excitation. In this case, small sideways oscillations happened because of natural sway motion of people walking; it was in turn to cause people who passed the bridge to sway in step, in which it made the amplitude of the bridge oscillations increased and reinforced the effect continuously. When it occurred, the worst movement was on the central span where the deck moved by up to 7 0mm. What a dramatic swaying that had made people who passed shocked. The solutions that had been done to analysed the phenomenon were mostly used tests. Crowd tests were implemented on the bridge deck. In July 2000, 100 people were used in the first test.

Business Management Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Management Systems - Essay Example Job functions will vary from research to production, from marketing to finance and personnel management. As there will be a lot of cross functional activities, unambiguous communication is very much needed in between these division and functional roles. Conflicts are very much probable in a scenario of cross functional activities. Disagreement can happen in a situation where the functional goals would overlap each other. Performance and productivity can go on toss in a disapproving situation. There can be many reasons for conflicts but opaque communication is the foremost one. For an example in a cross functional scenario employees may have to report o two bosses; one from the product department and other from the functional department. Power struggle, resource scarcity and ambiguity regarding the authority can very well be the reasons of an undesirable situation. In such a scenario communication is of utmost importance. Clear communication and discussion can remove the disagreements and misunderstandings between employees or departments. In any business customers are of utmost magnitude. Communication is very much needed for effective servicing and enhanced product line up. Information system can take different way of communication. A designing and manufacturing house must have the knowledge of the market and customer demands. Many organizations can have their own market research team; some outsource this activity to others. Whatever be the scenario, depending upon the market research report the designing division prepares an outline of the product, i.e. the car. The designing division tries to make the design as per the market demand; but for this they are mostly dependent on their research and development team. A new innovation takes place in that division. For a new product after the designing is done, it passes on the specification to

Representations of difference in comic books Essay

Representations of difference in comic books - Essay Example In doing so, one considers the range of potential readers and therefore thinks about gender balance to at least reach all kinds of people. Of course profitability is a serious matter to cartoonists and writers because it is not just an expression of their artistic side but it is also their job that should be well-compensated. Minority representation is a social issue that becomes a major concern in comics. It does not only make readers critical of social issues going around them such as feminism, sexism, racism and others which have been the theme of many comic strips that made great noise in the industry. Sometimes, the most daring themes often succeed because of the popularity it can cause from the criticisms it gains from the public eye. Nevertheless, there are laws that often hold back artists in seriously considering their kinds of material otherwise they will be considered pornographic just as it was ruled in 1973 by the Supreme Court that a material is â€Å"considered obscen e if they offended prevailing community standards†. Another important detail to consider in representations is diversity of genre. When genres are determined, it would be easier for writers and readers to identify what is most read. As a medium, some of the benefits of representations are becoming the voice for minorities, discuss on social issues in a catchy manner and educate and encourage children to become more critical of social issues. Comics are interesting because of the cartoonish drawings that attract the attention of readers from children to adults. Therefore it is a medium that one can use to speak to a variety of readers. The images represented and captions written on comics can reflect the environmental circumstances and oftentimes call the attention of readers of different ages who have diverse opinions as shown in â€Å"Say it Loud†. The representations became the voice of Lesbians (Bechdel), racial minorities (Coleman) and feminists (Farmer & Robbins). Although there have been various reactions from readers, there have been a lot who applauded the works of cartoonists who had the courage to speak for the ones they represented. The limitations of representations are interconnected. As mentioned earlier, writers and cartoonists are concerned about gender balance, minority representations and diversity of genre which often limit their decisions. In addition, technological advancements have a great effect on the products because of the use of television and computers which draw the attention of potential readers. There are diverse products that cater to diverse audience which results to a low percentage of possible comic readers. Therefore, the probability is the fear of many cartoonists, that when one starts small, it might stay small (McCloud). There have been tensions that arose among readers and writers about visibility and assimilation. For the artists, perhaps their objective was to create a critical mind in their readers with r epresentations that would appeal to their audiences. However, they have received various reactions. Some enjoyed comic strips while others were able to relate to them because they find that it is their very life that is being represented. Some simply acknowledged the genius of the artists but some had violent reactions. One of the readers of Aaron McGrouder’s is quoted to have said his comic strips are teaching children to become racists. The reader claims to understand the objective of the comic strips for the adult audience but

The Composition Of Complex Ions In Solutions

The Composition Of Complex Ions In Solutions In this experiment, we are required to determine the composition of complex ion by continuous variation method. Complex ions refer to a metal cation bonded to either one or more than one molecules. It is a stepwise process to produce the complex ion because every process has its own equilibrium constant (Gretchen E. Potts,2001). However, continuous variation method involves the continue changing of the different concentration of the solution. Besides that, spectrophotometric method can be used to quantitatively identify the unknown composition or concentration of a sample solution with compare to a sample with known concentration. Then, spectrophotometer refers to an instrument which we can use it to measure the light intensity. As we know, most of the UV-Vis spectrophotometers have a range of the wavelength between 190nm-1100nm. This range lies between UV and Visible light region. (Frans F,2004) In this instrument, it has 2 light sources. D2 and W lamp are used for UV and Visible light respectively. It will ensure that only monochromatic light will flow through the slit. Reference cuvette is used as a blank. At the end we can get the reading from the detector. Furthermore, Beer Lambert law states that when a monochromatic radiation passes through a transparent solution, the intensity of the absorbed radiation is directly proportional to the concentration (c) and the optical pathlength, (l) of the solution. So, Absorbance, A = ÃŽ µ x l x c , where ÃŽ µ is the molar absorptivity. The materials we used during the experiment are Ammonium iron (III) sulphate and Salicylic acid. Therefore, we used the following method to determine the concentration of the iron (III) salicylic acid complexes. Materials and Methods : 500 cm3 of Ammonium iron 500 cm3 of salicylic acid solution (III) sulphate solution was prepared. was prepared. Optical density of the other samples were determined using the same instrument and wavelength. The most suitable wavelength for measuring was determined. These mixture was then measured using spectrometer over the range of 350-700nm. cuvette Results : From the spectrum, the maximum peak has a wavelength of 531.5 nm. With the same wavelength, we obtained the following Absorbance for different samples and the data was recorded in the following table. Discussion : From the results above, the molecular ratio of the Fe3+- salicylic acid complex by using Jobs method was 1:1. The complex is formed by which the salicylic acid donated its lone pair electrons from hydroxyl oxygen atom to iron metal. This is because, salicylic acid is a bidentate to the metal ion. Therefore, it needed three salicylic acid to donate its lone pair electrons to the iron(III) ion. So, the complex formed is trisalicylateferrate(III). The structure will be drawn as follow : In this experiment, we measured the absorbance of our samples from UV-Vis spectrometer. The sample was poured into a cuvette. The sample was not destroy which means that with the using of this spectrometer, the sample was non- destructive. The UV- Vis light pass through the cuvette and the light was absorbed by the sample. Therefore, the sample must be in liquid form. Besides that, before mixing of Fe3+ and salicylic acid, the two solutions were colourless. However, after mixing the two solutions, the sample had a violet in colour. So, they can absorb visible light and because of the electrons from d orbital was excited from one to another electronic state. The complex gave violet in colour is because it absorbed green light and let the other light passed through. Green light is a complementary colour to the violet light, so the complex gives the maximum absorbance at wavelength 531.5 nm. In addition, we normally will select the maximum absorbance is because its sensitivity to the concentration of the solution is the greatest at the maximum wavelength. If the ÃŽ »max is not the analytical wavelength, strong radiation may be strongly absorbed and caused deviation from the Beer Lambert Law. However, in this experiment, if let say we did not use theÃŽ »max, the result we obtained from graph will not be affected much. We will also need to round off it to integer so that we can get the ratio. Furthermore, stoichiometry formula of a complex ion can be obtained through continuous variation method. Besides that, this method is actually help in the maintaining the number of moles of the sample throughout a series of different mixture in the sample. However, only different is the mole fraction of the different samples. Conclusion : The maximum peak for iron(III)-salicylic acid complex was 531.5 nm. The molecular ratio of the Fe3+- salicylic acid complex is 1 : 1

Adjusting to College Life :: essays research papers

When students are still in high school, college looms in the distance like an ominous cloud. Frankly, all of the students are scared about going to college. When students go to college they feel like going to the great unknown – to go to a place where they don’t know anyone. But after all college is not that bad. First of all, the adjustment to college isn't that rough. The staff and students are trained to make the adjustment as easy as possible, and the other students they meet are just as nervous as they are. Their new fellow classmates are just as anxious as you to meet people, so as long as you make the effort, you'll be surprised as to how many people you meet. Meeting people will not be that hard, since most colleges offer a bazillion a lot social events at the beginning of the year. And the friends that students do meet in college you will be surprised as to how close students become to each other. This is mostly due to the fact that they live about twenty feet from them or even closer. Just think how much closer students would be to their friends in school if, to visit them, you just had to walk down the hall at midnight about three doors and walk into their friends bedroom. And you can never hide anything, because the student bedroom could end up becoming the floor social lounge and your bed could end up being the common couch. Basically, college classes are not much more difficult than high school classes. The only major difference is that much of the work for classes is done out of the classroom. In college, classes are usually twelve hours per week and dispersed over three or four days of the week. If you keep up with your work, then students should have no problem getting a B or an A. Many students worry about financial aid. Do not apply to a school because you don't think that you can't afford it. The people at college are trying to help you, and financial aid is one way that they do that. If you don't get enough money from a school, call them and tell them your situation. In most cases things can be worked out. College is also great because it lets you be ourselves. To be perfectly honest, people at college can be a bit odd, and the diversity of

The History of Bradford

Bradford began as a minute village but at the turn of the 19thcentury the population increased at a rapid rate, this lead to death rates to augment which meant that a cemetery was urgently needed. Time took its toll and life in Bradford became worse and by 1854 the Undercliffe Cemetery was created. This cemetery contains such facets that are very idiosyncratic and display Victorian life in a unique way. The main focus of this paper will be on the different features of the site and how they support and contradict the Victorian values and attitudes, along with my research I will also be extracting evidence from the burial ground and analysing both primary and secondary sources in order to find out how the site has interpreted and shown the Victorian attributes Value 1: Social Status For those in the upper classes of society etiquette was an essential way of living, Victorian society was prominently concerned about every aspect of their life. From the moment the upper-class left their beds their day was ruled over by many do’s and don’ts. Victorian society although may have been strict on an array of rules, it could also be quite pleasant but only depending on your financial status. The cemetery itself supports the idea of the high class holding onto their social position for example in site 4 the Illingworth mausoleum portrays many characteristics such as the tomb itself being built inside with lavish marble in order to keep the bodies cool and the sphinx guarding the tomb gives the impression that they were in some cases showing off that they had travelled to a foreign country. This mausoleum in particular is a great feature of the cemetery that represents how important social status was to the Victorians this is because the tomb itself contains such descriptive detail that evidently shows the Illingworth’s were beginning to show their status in society. Their grave appears to show their importance and wealth due to its intricate design and detail such as the sphinx. This evidence of the illingworth’s mausoleum is a pure example of how the cemetery contains a feature which supports the Victorian values and attitudes regarding the social status of the upper class Victorians. While gathering my evidence of the Victorian value’s I came across a source in form of an image that in some aspects supports as well as contradicts the way the cemetery has portrayed social status and social class. A painting by J. Ritchie which was produced in 1858 that goes by the name of ‘A summer’s day in Hyde Park’ contains various activities that can be seen and amidst them various people that portray different classes in 19th century society. Although this source was written four years after the cemetery was created it provides illustrative substantiation that the affluent citizens wanted to stand out therefore they are painted with a white colour bringing out their importance whereas the workers and servants are daubed with a dull colour which shows how they were kept in the dark and were not to be seen. Along with the rich being highlighted the image brings out some metaphorical evidence which can be seen within Undercliffe Cemetery, in the painting the upper class are placed in the centre of the image this idea supports the cemetery because the rich are in fact the most dominant and are placed within the centre of the burial ground to show their importance. Social status was a very important value that the Victorians held onto it was their way of expressing who they were, the cemetery’s features can in fact support the idea of social status being one of the main features that are thoroughly explained, this source in particular has added to my understanding that this burial ground is in fact categorised and certain sites within the cemetery were only for certain classes. My own research on the source and on social status gives the impression that the cemetery supports the indication of Victorian society being very cautious on their title and position. Value 2: Family Values Although position in society was of importance to Victorians they also had another value which can be seen throughout the cemetery this was their family. There were many rules regarding the family which would consist of the father being the head of the house and he was always to be obeyed. In public, children were expected to be seen and not heard. At Undercliffe Cemetery I observed a tomb located in site 3 which belonged to The Behrens family, they had decided to include everybody’s name that was in their family implying that they were all buried together. This grave brings out a feature of the cemetery that supports that family values were an important element in the Victorian life. It also provides evidence that this value was seen as some importance due to the way it was shown in the cemetery. The family during the 19th century was very similar between the Upper and middle class but also differed in many ways. Each member of the family had its own place and children were taught ‘to know their place’ Most days the middle and upper class children saw very little of their parents. The children would spend most of their time in the nursery and would be brought up by their nanny. This information helps me understand insight into a child’s life from an opulent background it shows how the family values in Victorian times were very stringent and the cemetery doesn’t give any evidence of the luxurious wealthy having this sort of background it only shows the extravagance of the graves and this enquiry on the actual rules on family etiquette was something no outsider was expected to know about. Although family values did appear to be harsh a very well-known British painter named William Powell Frith did a very good depiction of how important family was to the average Victorian family. His painting which was produced in 1856 and is named ‘many happy returns of the day’ suggests that Frith’s personal life was happy and yet secretive. It shows that although the household was important to the man of the house this didn’t deter him away from the Victorian hypocrisy. This interpretation of Victorian hypocrisy can be seen in the corner of the painting near the man himself he is seen sat next to another mistress with children from him, this suggests that family values obviously couldn’t have been as important to the husband as he may have made them out to be and scandals such as these were something that should have been avoided at all costs. This exact source regarding values of family in various ways contradicts what the cemetery is trying to display. The source has given me a different sort of understanding that the cemetery doesn’t provide although the burial ground shows one grave with family values it’s the source that shows the true life of Victorians whereas Undercliffe cemetery has a feature that although stands out it doesn’t 100% give accurate evidence of the importance of family values to Victorians. Value 3: Paternalism Many husbands in the Victorian epoch were considered to be paternalists they believed that they were the men of the house and women were seen as inferior ones. This notion of men being the dominant can clearly be seen at the cemetery and it therefore makes it a very distinctive feature. While studying the memorial park I came across two graves in particular one which supported the Victorian value in respects to paternalism but another which totally controverted paternalism. These two people were in fact located on the main avenue in site 3. Firstly Robert Milligan who was a merchant and had been the MP of Bradford had a grave which was mostly dedicated to him and a small memoir regarding his wife, not only did this reveal vanity it also showed how he believed he was the man in charge and how mediocre his wife was compared to him. On the other hand a middle class man who owns the tallest pedestal within the cemetery had decided to put his wife first his name is in fact William Sharp. He was not a paternalist but in fact quite the opposite. Paternalism was a value within the Victorian times that every man governed over, the cemetery corroborates that paternalism was in fact a facet that helps one understand where men were within society. In a more general format the cemetery’s main feature shows that paternalism was the most dominant element of the Victorian life due to the various graves that begin with the husbands or fathers name first. Another source which was observed at the cemetery itself was William sharps grave it gainsays the cemetery as being paternalist as he decided to put his wifes name first. This displays a man who had gone against some ways of how a Victorian had lived, firstly he wasn’t an upper class gentlemen yet he is the one who worked his way to the top. This grave helps me apprehend that not everybody followed all the rules in the Victorian times some people wanted to work in order to be in a higher position in life and didn’t want to feel like they were supposed to be a certain way In order to fit in. Even though being the man in charge, William sharp felt that his wife had the same equal rights as him and that even if he was dominant she was his wife and he loved her. In order to show his affection he may have decided to place her name before his. Paternalism does stand out well in the cemetery and William Sharps grave does indeed provide evidence that some Victorians in terms of paternalism shouldn’t be generalised as not all men believed to be the most dominant in the house. Value 4: Role of Women While studying the site at Undercliffe Cemetery another Victorian value which I believe is a feature of the cemetery that stands out is the role of women, the site shows me that women were considered to be nothing but an ornament for one to admire, the many graves that were at the cemetery began with the husbands name this interpreted that women were seen as sub-standard compared to the males. I researched further into what life was like for genuine Victorian woman and the rights were very appalling. To begin with women weren’t given any suffrage rights, they weren’t given any rights to own property and education for them wasn’t considered important as long as they could get a husband. This Victorian value helps me understand that life for Victorian women was quite limited they were only allowed to do certain things and were considered to be feminine and courteous. An extract from Mrs Beetons book which talks about household management and reinforces the role of women and how they should set a timetable for every aspect of their daily life. She begins by saying ‘As the commander of an army, or the leader of any enterprise, so it is with the mistress of a house’ This woman is trying to explain that although women aren’t superior they still have the command over the house and its their duty to make sure everything is in order. This source helps me understand that during the Victorian times the woman was supposed to keep herself busy and at the same time avoid doing chores or getting involved in business, finance or even politics they were allowed to have social gatherings and plan parties but they weren’t allowed to venture into the world of work. The cemetery shows that women were inferior but it doesn’t give any more information of what women went through during the Victorian times therefore it in some ways supports the cemetery. This value in the Victorian era helps me understand through both the sources and my own research that women did not receive any equality and to some extent the cemetery supports this evidence. In conclusion to all of the above Victorian values in which I have studied I can say that there are many features of Undercliffe Cemetery that support the attributes and many sources that were from that period of time that support and also contradict evidence seen at the cemetery. In my opinion I believe that although the burial ground’s features display Victorian attitudes and values to some extent they are quite inaccurate as they don’t give the full information as the true insight into the Victorian life. Therefore I believe that my own study of the sources and research has helped me understand the features of the cemetery that stand out.

Why the Reverse PIN System Is Not in Use

Why the Reverse PIN System Is Not in Use Does typing in a reverse PIN at the bank ATM machine really call the police? Since 2006, a raft of emails and social media posts have helpfully suggested that people being forced by robbers to withdraw cash from an ATM machine could summon the police by entering their PIN number in reverse order. If you should ever be forced by a robber to withdraw money from an ATM machine, you can notify the police by entering your Pin # in reverse,  one widely circulated email reads. So, let’s say you are able to actually do that – naturally and quickly – with a pistol sticking in your ribs  during a robbery at your banks automated teller machine. Will the police automatically be summoned to the crime scene? No. In reality, the idea of a reverse PIN is just that - an idea whose time has not come, even though the technology exists. Heres the question: If the idea of a reverse PIN alert system sounds great, and its already been invented, whats the holdup? Reverse PIN Questioned by Government Federal legislation signed into law by President Barack Obama in 2009 raised hope that reverse PIN technology, an attempt to provide more safety for consumers who use ATMs, might be put into use. The Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure Act of 2009 mandated that the Federal Trade Commission study the cost-effectiveness of making available at automated teller machines technology that enables a consumer that is under duress to electronically alert a local law enforcement agency that an incident is taking place... Banks interviewed by the FTC reported that they had never installed any type of emergency-PIN system on their ATM machines and had no plans to do so in the future. â€Å"FTC staff learned that emergency-PIN technologies have never been deployed at any ATMs, reported the FTC. The respondent banks reported that none of their ATMs currently have installed, or have ever had installed, an emergency-PIN system of any sort. The ATM manufacturer Diebold confirms that, to its knowledge, no ATMs have or have had an emergency-PIN system.† The study, made public in April 2010, suggested that the reverse PIN system or alarm buttons would not stop or significantly reduce ATM robberies and could even â€Å"increase the danger to customers who are targeted by offenders.† While there may be some potential for decreasing ATM-related crime and injury, there is also the possibility that emergency-PIN systems will have little or no effect, or that they will even increase injury, the FTCs Bureau of Economics reported. How is that possible? Reverse PIN Opposed by Banks The FTC study warned that the reverse PIN system might actually increase the  physical danger to the victim because of the difficulties distressed customers may experience in using the system. Banks that cooperated by the FTC study said customers who fumble while trying to type in their reverse PIN face a real risk of personal harm. There are ... concerns that customers under stress may be unlikely to remember the reverse of their PIN, which may place them in greater danger should the perpetrator figure out what they are attempting to do and escalate the situation, Bank of America told the FTC. So what is a customer to do in the event of a crime? Comply, Wells Fargos senior vice president for ATM and store strategy  said. If a crime is being committed, we believe the safest course of action is for a customer to comply with the demands of their attacker, he wrote to the FTC. How Reverse PIN System Would Work A reverse PIN system would allow distressed ATM customers with a bank card PIN of 1234, for example, to enter this number backward, 4321, and automatically send an electronic relay message to a dispatch center or the police, alerting them to the customers location. Bogus Reverse PIN Email One of the most widely forwarded emails wrongly claiming the reverse PIN system is in use reads: LIFE-SAVING information!!!GOOD INFORMATION TO KNOW ABOUT.PLEASE PASS THIS INFORMATION ONTHE RECENT TRAGEDY OF A YOUNG WOMAN BEING KIDNAPPED ANDEVENTUALLY KILLED; AFTER SHE HAD REPEATEDLY GIVEN THE KIDNAPPER A WRONG PIN TO HER ATM CARD. IF SHE KNEW THE METHOD BELOW, SHE COULD HAVE BEEN SAVED. SO I THINK IT IS IMPORTANT ENOUGH TO LET YOU KNOW!!!!!!!!!!!!!IF YOU SHOULD EVER BE FORCED BY A ROBBER TO WITHDRAW MONEY FROM AN ATM MACHINE, YOU CAN NOTIFY THE POLICE BY ENTERING YOUR PIN # IN REVERSE.FOR EXAMPLE IF YOUR PIN NUMBER IS 1234 THEN YOU WOULD PUT IN4321.THE ATM RECOGNIZES THAT YOUR PIN NUMBER IS BACKWARDS FROM THE ATM CARD YOU PLACED IN THE MACHINE. THE MACHINE WILL STILL GIVE YOU THE MONEY YOU REQUESTED, BUT UNKNOWN TO THE ROBBER, THE POLICE WILL BE IMMEDIATELY DISPATCHED TO HELP YOU.THIS INFORMATION WAS RECENTLY BROADCAST ON FOX TV AND IT STATES THAT IT IS SELDOM USED BECAUSE PEOPLE DONT KNOW IT EXISTS.PLEASE PASS THIS ALONG. Fast Facts on Reverse PIN Technology Entering a PIN number in reverse order at an ATM machine or other electronic account verification devices will not automatically notify or summon the police.Though the reverse PIN notification technology† exists, its use is opposed by both the U.S. government and the banking industry due to the possibility of physical harm to customers who struggle to use the system while under great stress.The banking industry and law enforcement officials are continuing to work on the development of an automated ATM police notification system that will not further endanger customers. Updated by Robert Longley

The Women And Poverty Alleviation Social Work Essay Essays

The Women And Poverty Alleviation Social Work Essay Essays The Women And Poverty Alleviation Social Work Essay Essay The Women And Poverty Alleviation Social Work Essay Essay This chapter provides an in depth analysis of constructs used in this survey and how different writers assessed microcredit effectivity on adult females and poorness, how authorities and Ngos aid to advance adult females. There are besides assorted surveies conducted across the universe demoing its impact on socio-economic development in many states in contrast with Mauritius. 2.1 Concept of Poverty Poverty is defined in different footings and it is hard to hold an exact definition of it. The UN ( United Nations ) defines poorness as a denial of picks and chances, a misdemeanor of human self-respect ( Langmore 2000: 37 ) . It means lack willingness and chance to take part efficaciously in society. UN besides relate poorness to deficiency of income to enable endurance, societal favoritisms that the hapless face, and by denial of chances, it means that they are denied to take part in determinations in society ( UN, 1995: Para. 19 ) . In the Beijing declaration it was mentioned how poorness is characterized: deficiency of engagement in societal and cultural life, this occurs in many developing states organizing pockets of poorness: parts where hapless lives. A hapless is non hapless because of deficiency of engagement in civil society but besides due to economic jobs such as recession which prevent people below the poorness line from holding a nice life. Sen. ( 1981 ) , who is a celebrated research worker on the topic of poorness, explains poorness as the deficiency of basic demands indispensable for endurance and fails to take part in societal and economic activities. Poverty can be categorized into two that is absolute poorness and comparative poorness. Absolute poorness refers to a state of affairs where an person is unable to fulfill his basic demands that are nutrient, shelter and vesture and wellness. Peter Townsend ( 1979 ) defines comparative poorness as a state of affairs where an single criterion of life is below the degree that they are unable to bask normal manner of life ( Reporting poorness in the UK P 15 ) . It is more about criterion of life where there is an single possess a large Villa, new trade name auto, high income whereas another 1 is at medium degree and can at least fulfill his basic demands and remain healthy. 2.2 Womans and poorness More than 1.3 billion of people live in poorness in the universe and most of them are located in developing states like Asia and Africa ( UNDP 1996 ) . Womans are the one who bear all the load, they have to pull off their family which means work and cater for their household at the same clip which is non an easy undertaking. A adult female is described as a human being of female sex who can be distinguished through her gender functions and duties in society ( Wikimedia 2005 ) . 70 % of adult females are hapless and they largely come from female-headed families ( UNIFEM 2010 ) . Poverty among adult females maintain on increasing, that is why it was conceptualized as Feminization of poorness ; an addition in female-headed family ( Buduwski 2002 ) . There are assorted grounds which explain why adult females, one because there are gender based values like gender functions ( housewife/nest builder ) which prevent adult females to liberate, the addition of divorce additions female-headed h ouseholds ( GAP 2008 ) . There are gender-based inequalities which restrict adult females to hold entree to resources and chances ; which failed to authorise them. There were more than 22 1000000s of unemployed adult females in the universe in 2008 and in developing states like African states and south Asia adult females engaged in insecure occupations ( UN 2009 ) . Empirical surveies conducted in Poland showed that there are more than 90 % of adult females who are engaged in family work and besides their paid, which is a existent load for them ( Mandal 2008:163 ) .In Mauritius, Women are more likely to confront poorness than work forces ; a study of the CSO showed that 8.9 % of adult females compared to 8.1 % of work forces live in comparative poorness in 2009. There is a spread in income between male and female employee merely Rs 7,100 for female and Rs 12, 330 for male ( ESI 2010:11 ) . 2.3 adult females and Poverty relief Poverty relief is based on different schemes to cut down poorness at single, group and community degree. These schemes include instruction installations to advance socio-economic development and interrupt down barriers taking to disparities in our society ( Barder 2009 ) . Greenberg ( 2005 ) defines poverty relief as set of schemes to cut down the impacts of poorness on vulnerable groups. In 2000, the millenary development ends were set up to cut down poorness ( UN 2000 ) . It was followed by a guideline for poorness relief to better aid organisations over the universe to accomplish this aim ( DAC 2001 ) . To relieve poorness barriers which restrict entree and engagement in society have to be removed ( UNDP 2011 ) . These barriers include ; job of unemployment, advancing human capital through educational installations, preparations for development of accomplishments, wellness installations, support to household in trouble through societal benefits, advancing entree to services through fiscal support and edifice up of ego aid groups to make solidarity and policies to cut down favoritism and inequalities towards the hapless ( Headey 2006 ) . 2.4 Poverty relief among adult females through authorization During the Women conference of the United Nations, it has been declared that to hold stableness in footings of societal, economic, politic, civilization and environment, accomplishing gender equality and authorization is the indispensable keys ( UN 2009 ) . Empowerment refers to making chances so that person can develop their capacities in footings of accomplishments and cognition to confront societal biass in society ( Waterhouse 2003 ) . It is the third end of the Millennium Development Goals which aim to cut down poorness boulder clay 2015. Empowerment takes topographic point through determination devising, constructing up of self-pride in adult females, bettering their position in society and at place ( Cheston and Khun 2002 ) . Kabeer ( 2003 ) focal point on authorization as being able to do ain picks and taking determination to accomplish ends. A study from Unifem declares that to accomplish adult females empowerment, entree to all basic resources is of import ( Unifem 2008 ) . Womans do non merely confront money jobs but besides societal 1s through exclusion instruction, political relations, and the universe of work. Authorization of adult females is really of import to advance their engagement in economic activities of society ( Eyben 2008 ) . Womans are the 1s who are most engaged in work and bring forth more but yet they merely 10 % of the income ( Clinton 2009 ) . Women tend to put more even at place, a survey done in Brazil showed that all family where adult females were in control improve the opportunities of endurance of their kids by 20 % ( OECD 2010 ) . Why is empowerment of import? It is because adult females are the 1 who are less educated, denied entree to resources, support ( fiscal ) , instruction and are largely vulnerable in society, they are discriminated and exploited both at work and at place ( Mayoux 2009 ) . To accomplish authorization there are intercession from both authorities and Ngo s working together to cut down poorness and promote adult females. In Mauritius, the NEF has been set up to advance authorization of adult females through 2.5 Womans and microcredit Micro-credit is excessively broad which makes it hard to specify ( Oikocredit 2011 ) . It is by and large define as little loans granted to people from hapless background to assist them better their income ( income bring forthing activities ) and manner of life ( Grameen bank 2011 ) . In the 1800 s, Lysander Spooner found out that supplying recognition installations to little famers was really successful that where came the new term micro-credit today, hapless population have accessed to loans and payment installations. In 1976, Muhammad Yanus ( victor of the Nobel Prize in 2006 ) created micro-credit installations in the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. At first it was merely meant to measure the installations which can be provided to the hapless but subsequently proved to be a cardinal tool to cut down poorness. This was followed by the United Nations declaring the twelvemonth 2005 as the international twelvemonth of Micro-credit with five chief ends among which were to advance part of micro-credit installations and enable handiness to these installations ( UN 2005 ) . Micro-credit has been proved to advance societal development and a tool to fight against poorness in both developed and developing states ( Da Silva et Al. 2007 ) . MFI studies showed that 70 % of adult females are donees of micro-credit loans, this give an overview of adult females exposure and how they consider micro-credit loans as a manner to acquire out of poorness. One chief inquiry is raised: Why adult females? Evidence have showed that adult females are the 1s who are less paid and work in secondary sectors where they are at hazard and do non hold benefits compared to work forces in society ( ILO 2008 ) . Women face excessively many inequalities such as unemployment and favoritisms based on gender, it has to be noted that Mauritius gender statistics showed that we are ranked 63rdA out of 146 states on the Gender Inequality Index of the UN ( CSO 2011 ) . That is why micro-credit strategy has been introduced to advance entree to resources such as land and substructure and besides entree to recognition installations. Besides Micro-credit programme besides include preparation of adult females so that become independent and confident in their concern ( CIDA 1995 ) . Micro-credit aid adult females to better their income family and construct a safety-net which procure them and cut down their exposure to fall into traps of poverty. , they become more mature to cover with issues of their concern and do their ain determination and picks ( Mends 2000 ) . Through entrepreneurship, Women have the chance to get the better of cultural norms which trap them into their housewife function. ( Swain and Wallentin 2007 ) . 2.6 Empowerment of adult females through microcredit Many writers find a nexus between recognition and authorization. Cornwall and Edward ( 2010 ) see authorization as important to get the better of economic and societal quandary in society. Micro-credit is a system which gives entree to finance through loans and nest eggs for entrepreneurships. Surveies have shown that micro-credit has been utile to the hapless family due to low cost ( Miller, Morhnee, Stephens and Tazi 2006 ) . It is a fact that micro-credit programme improved adult females state of affairs ( economic, societal, political, cultural ) and besides in footings of instruction ( preparations ) leting them to develop their accomplishments ( Johnson A ; Rogaky 1997 ) .Empowerment has two dimension one in footings of family, adult females tend be at place making housekeeping and taking attention of their household. With micro-credit programme they work and earn their ain money which improves their position and their function at place compared to their old function. They fee l in a better place to use their ain determination ( Osmani 2007 ) . There were extended arguments about adult females and poorness and the impact of micro recognition as a poorness relief tool. Many literatures have referred to the micro-credit strategy as the best alternate to cut down poorness and to authorise adult females ( Bernasek, 2003, Bhatt 2001, Khand Ker el al 1998, Leach and Sitaram, 2002 ) . An appraisal on the function of micro-credit strategies conducted through a study in the South Asia together with Ngo s showed that these strategies have improved economic position of adult females in society through instruction and preparation to get professional accomplishments in entrepreneurship so that they become self-efficient and this has better their societal position in their family and improved consciousness ( Hashemi, Schuler and Riley 1996 ) . Micro-credit programmes include Income-generating schemes, increasing consciousness and authorising adult females. This aid to socio-economic development of the state through instruction, engagement in determination devising, bettering quality of wellness, sanitation and nutrition but most of import of all to relieve poorness through nutrient security, income, bettering literacy rates among adult females, therefore taking to societal inclusion of adult females in societal, economic and political activities ( Bernasek and al. 2003 ) . Halkias, Nwajiuba, Harkiolakis, Caracatsanis ( 2011 ) survey aiming the Challenges confronting adult females enterprisers in Nigeria with a sample of 62 females entrepreneurs a self-administered study showed that adult females showed more devotedness and attempt for their entrepreneurship compared to male enterprisers. Another consequence was that female enterprisers can professionally command their entrepreneurship and keep their family efficaciously. Micro-credit had besides an impact on nest eggs made each month to better criterion of life of their households ( Siringi 2011 ) . Kabeer ( 1998 ) found out that micro-credit is an chance for adult females to convey their ain part in footings of money. Policies should aim more societal and educational domains to promote adult females in the combat to relieve poorness. Besides ( Rogers and Youssef, 1988 ; Consultative Group to Help the Poor CGAP, 2004: 6 ) findings showed that a rise in adult females income has positive influence on instruction, and wellness of kids in the family. A survey conducted in Nepal showed that more than 68 % which represent more than 89 000 adult females over 130 000 who were involve in authorization programme and experienced a alteration in their function at place and towards their ain community, they have become person who is respected for attempts and give Dons to make this mark of adult females with assurance and regard ( Ashe and Parrot 2001 ) . Micro-credit has unfastened new avenues for adult females in footings of instruction and development of accomplishments. Having entree to recognition is more secure for adult females and they are able to take attention of their household. Reports have shown that adult females are the 1 who spend more for the public assistance of their household ; in-depth interviews conducted in Rwanda with adult females profiting from micro-credit strategy have shown that more than 54 % of them are now able to pull off on their ain in their concern without work forces ( URWEGO 1994 ) . It besides helps to construct up their assurance and self-esteem. Assurance is portion of the purposes of authorization of adult females. It is the based to alter adult females perceptual experience on assorted patriarchal facets that exist in society and this besides enable them to develop accomplishments for the success of micro-credit. Micro-credit is a programme which train adult females to go professional concern adult females and to be able to command their ain concern. Microcredit programme have empowered adult females taking to a alteration adult females function, position and relationship at place and in society. In-depth interviews conducted in Rwanda showed that there was an addition of 69 % in assurance and self-pride of adult females ( Ashe A ; Parrot 1994 ) . Surveies conducted by Gobezie ( 2007 ) showed that more than 54 % of adult females ( micro-entrepreneurs ) experience more at easiness to cover with determinations both at place and their endeavor with the additio n in self-esteem and assurance. 2.7 Government part The authorities plays an of import function in advancing public assistance through programmes and policies to better turn to the job of poorness and promote equity ( Cawthorne 2008 ) . Fundss from revenue enhancement aid for development of the state and the authorities establishes a model to cognize how to utilize financess expeditiously ( Serpa 2008 ) . There is a belief that authorities intercession in micro-credit to give entree to recognition installations merely. But world is that it acts as facilitator which provides entree to service to the hapless without ceilings. Another inquiry normally asked is how micro-credit helps the hapless? It increases income of hapless family and better forms of ingestion. When the needy people have entree to recognition, it helps them to keep basic criterion of life and have hard currency for exigencies. The authorities has an purpose to advance public assistance of citizens largely destitute 1s ; through micro-credit policies to better mark and help them but besides programmes, which create chances to hapless people to develop accomplishments and addition experience in entrepreneurship and larn how to pull off their concern. Several studies have shown positive impacts of micro-credit on adult females but there is large quandary, political influences which exist and result to maltreatments, giving privileges to others and drainage of financess to be allocated to micro-entrepreneurs ( CGAP 2002 ) . Such influences affect good running and success of these programmes. Similarly to others states like Bangladesh where the authorities work together with Bankss like BRAAC, in Mauritius there is the DBM which provide micro recognition loans to people which besides aim at socio-economic development and authorization of adult females but through fiscal installations. Micro-entrepreneurs ( adult females ) benefit from loan installation of Rs 150 000 with a period of five old ages for refund, merely adult females willing to make a little endeavor. These adult females are registered at the NWEC where they follow preparations to go independent pay earners ( Nwec 2010 ) . 2.9 Constrains of Micro-credit Micro recognition was supposed to play a critical function in decrease of poorness but it besides has its dark side. This scheme is seen as being excessively simple to cut down the job of poorness ( Endeley and Thompson 2005 ) . Explanations provided to warrant the failure of Micro-credit programme is that it failed to aim existent destitute groups, it can detect that non-poor are taking most advantages of this programme and hapless are going poorer, standards of choice are non appropriate and this causes maltreatments ( Copestake, Morduch, Dugger 2004 ) . For Duvenduck ( 2011 ) , until now there have non been valid grounds which prove that microcredit positively affect adult females. Maltreatments are non merely from rich people but besides from male in families where adult females benefit from micro-credit strategies. They are cognizant of their married womans eligibility to entree micro-credit loans and utilize them for their ain concern holding nil to make with adult females ent repreneurship ( Goetz and Gupta 1995 ) . This raises the inquiry of gender equality which exists in society and work forces ever acquiring involved in female activities. Furthermore, the chief intent of micro- finance was supposed to supply recognition a installation in footings of loan to the marginalized group to assist them to bring forth income for their ain concern, the province has failed in its mission. ( Swain et al 2008:193 ) . It has instead created a barbarous rhythm of indebtness among adult females ; they get trapped and become dependant on the province and Bankss. The job is that they frequently failed to hold the degree of net income expected and have to work double to salvage for loan refund ( Copestake 2001 ) . A study published by concern hebdomad ( 2005:4 ) showed that involvement rates are higher and failure to refund loans means closing of their concern and immense debts to unclutter. It can be seen that intercession and part of private and public sectors are thin. There is a deficiency of uninterrupted aid to adult females enterprisers which makes the safety net really vulnerable as any misdirection and low profitableness can set the concern at hazard ( Neff 1996 ) . All these defects of micro-credit have raised a inquiry ; is micro-credit truly a tool to cut down poorness? Findingss from different studies showed that it truly reduced poorness in the universe but to some extent. Kandler ( 2005 ) found out that 31 % of adult females take parting in micro-credit plans have been out of their low poorness in Bangladesh. Another fact of micro-credit success is the addition and betterment of ingestion forms of hapless people together with the addition in income this has lead to economic development. Kah ( 2005 ) reject the positive consequences of micro-credit in the development states. After a survey in different states with different methods like interviews, studies and ethnographic studies, Kay found out that it is a excessively optimistic premise to sort micro-credit as a tool to relieve poorness. Micro-credit programmes besides have short-comings which tend to be ignored. Antaitwe ( 2006 ) claimed that there programmes have failed to run into their purposes and aims. The ground provided was that the fact that people who deserve this service and aid were excluded from these programmes ( Hulme 2003 ) . Another short-coming of micro-credit is whether these programmes are accessible to highly hapless people. Reports from the United Nations ( UN ) showed that these programmes are unaccessible to highly hapless because of high involvement rates and deficiency of substructures and structural forms to better help destitute people so that they develop their accomplishments and go efficient in society. Peredo and Chrisman ( 2006 ) focal point on the fact that web should be created to enable better sharing and besides installations in footings of resources and direction of endeavors including cost of resources, methods of distribution after production and how to value their merchandises. Pollin ( 2007 ) see microcredit as undervaluing entrepreneurship because it has instead encourage short-run income activities. Entrepreneurship is more based on investing of net income ( Harper 2007 ) , nevertheless micro-enterprises net income are used for personal affairs like luxuries, instruction, wellness and other exigencies instead than for development of the state. The chief job with micro-credit shemes is that they deal with economic jobs than societal 1s. It is clear that poorness is the socio-economic job for most of the universe. The male laterality which exists in the most societies Acts of the Apostless like a barrier for adult females success. Work forces have control over everything in society, even incomes earned by their married woman in their endeavor are used for other intents and adult females hardly have entree to it ( Omorodion 2007 ) . All these deep-seated perceptual experience, values and imposts prevent adult females to protest because they fear to be harassed, beated up, humiliated by their hubby. To some extent micro-credit create tensenesss in families in most underdeveloped states. For illustration Mauritius is a state where work forces power prevails both at work and place. Men garbage to accept adult females emancipation and acknowledge their capacities which are really indispensable for the success of micro-credit prog rammes ( World Bank 2006 ) . This might explicate the high rate of domestic force which was 39 % in Mauritius in 2011 ( ESI 2011 ) . It seems that micro-credit programmes have been introduced merely to increase economic activity and supply of labour through occupation creative activities ( Pitt and Khandler 1998 ) . Micro-credit programmes were supposed to increase income of hapless families but it failed because most of the money saved goes in loan refund and in instance of exigencies entree to money go a large issue ( Brett 2006 ) . The fact that adult females have low position and are seen as weak, nescient and low skilled in society they tend to take loans to travel further on the societal ladder of society ( Lucas 2001 ) . They are trapped to being dependent on their hubby and even more when they fail to refund their loan. This ideological image of adult females duty being at place to convey balance is a barrier to success, and though the attempt to accomplish gender equality in society it has failed. All authorities schemes for integrating of adult females in society have failed and have provoked misconceptions about adult females failure in micro-credit programmes and corroborating stereotype on adult females failing and incapacity ( Nesbitt 2006 ) . Too small concerns are attached to emp owerment of adult females ( Bellman 2010 ) , it is non merely based on increasing their income and developing accomplishments but it is based on altering deep perceptual experiences. It is really hard to alter perceptual experiences people make on adult females ( Swain and Wallentin 2007:25 ) . 2.8 Summary of literature reappraisal Through the old paragraphs, in-depth accounts about the impacts of micro-credit have been given by different writers. It seems that micro-credit programmes have been really efficient in footings of income-generating, development of professional accomplishment to pull off ain concern, emancipation of adult females in the World. Womans have been empowered by these programmes through addition of assurance and assertiveness and independence. The importance of authorization to relieve poorness is pointed by many writers ; micro-credit additions their consciousness and do adult females more efficient in society. It has brought alterations in household income and criterion of life and a alteration in functions that adult females go enterprisers this imply giving clip to both their concern and their household which is really difficult and frequently end into struggles. The authorities and Ngo s besides play an of import function to advance development and emancipation of adult females togeth er with policies to protect and esteem their rights and programmes to do them successful adult females in the hereafter. Despite all positive impacts of micro-credit on adult females, there are besides short-comings. Micro-credit encourage adult females to take loan to construct their ain concern and are besides trained for it but there is non adequate aid for wise mans to do certain these adult females are on the right path and to advocate them in instance of job to undertake within their concern. The job is when these concerns are unable to do adequate net income to refund their loan, there went to shortage and loses their concern, all their attempts, clip and forfeits made to accomplish this. This consequence to adult females going dependant on their hubby once more and work forces command them once more which means authorization has failed. Different diaries have shown how this patriarchal perceptual experience which exists in society prevents adult females to accomplish success .

Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Critique - Essay Example Homosexual marriages cannot be justified without drawing help from logical fallacies and making broad generalizations. Summary of the Article In his article, Sullivan argues that gay marriage is eligible for legalization by all means. Marriage is a social contract. Marriage is a physical and emotional bond between two people irrespective of their gender. People, who have been denied to fall in love with somebody despite the natural love they feel can best understand how it feels when a gay is denied the right to get married. Illegalizing gay marriage is a torture for the homosexual people whereas legalization of gay marriage would provide the homosexual people with grounds to have normal relationships with their parents and loved ones rather than being socially outcast. Gay parenting does not have any unfavorable impacts on the children’s psychology, Homosexual marriages have existed throughout the history in forms different from the traditional marriage. Dating, love, and rel ationship; everything becomes meaningless for them when they cannot get married. Without marriage, there is no commitment. Homosexuality occurs naturally, and this challenges all conservative reasons against the legalization of gay marriage. Therefore, gay marriage should be legalized. ... ls by excessively making use of such emotional words as â€Å"most public affront possible† (Sullivan 404) and calling the traditional form of marriage between a man and a woman a â€Å"circular fiet† (Sullivan 404). While referring to marriage as a public contract, Sullivan has just highlighted one aspect of marriage i.e. â€Å"bond between two people† thus excluding all others who are affected by the marriage between the two people that include but are not limited to their parents, and their own children. Marriage is not just about two people, it has its implications on other members of the family, as well as upon the nation as a whole that might be already suffering from a negative population growth rate, and homosexual marriages are definitely going to aggravate this social problem. Sullivan has made a logical fallacy by limiting the intrinsic status of the heterosexual marriage to its understanding as intrinsically procreative. Sullivan has a preconceived no tion that a marriage between an adult and a minor is unsustainable as one of the two parties does not understand the contract. If an adult and a minor marry each other with mutual consent, Sullivan should acknowledge that as an emotional bond too just like he approves of the emotional bond between two homosexuals. Sullivan has made broad generalizations that are unfair. For example, he says that everybody who speaks in favor of heterosexual marriage does not do so because he/she disparages the homosexual marriage, but because not doing so means demanding human virtue in excess. I don’t believe that this is the reason why people support heterosexual marriages. People support heterosexual marriages primarily because of their religious beliefs, and then because of considering its positive impacts on the society.

INTRO TO THIRD SECTOR Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

INTRO TO THIRD SECTOR - Article Example Many nonprofit organizations have been negatively impacted by the bad economic times in recent times, which have lowered donation income. This paper discusses different concepts associated with running and managing a nonprofit organization. Nonprofit Management Focusing on the importance of managing stakeholder and relationships in nonprofit organizations, some of the most important stakeholder groups include volunteers, suppliers, lenders, government, and the community. Nonprofit organizations face similar accountability issues as private businesses. Some of the accountability issues nonprofits face are fiduciary, legal, professional, and the duty to preserve and serve the public good. Michael in his argument states that, stakeholder groups have a lot of influence over nonprofit organizations. Managers of nonprofit organizations must clearly understand the expectations of stakeholder groups. It is imperative for managers to keep the lines of communication open at all times with its stakeholders. Some of the mechanisms that are used by nonprofits to facilitate communication with stakeholders are conferences, advisory committees, member surveys, newsletters, and data sheets (Michael, 2013). Research Statement and methodology From perspective point of view we find that, nonprofit organizations provide vital services that markedly contribute to the health of our communities. The goal of this research in regards to Nonprofit Management aspect however, is to find the concrete solutions that should be initiated in such organizations to enhance growth and provision of quality services in our communities. We believe that fundamental organizational and management principles can be used by leaders in the nonprofit sector to strengthen both their systems and service delivery. The Nonprofit Management Program however, provides affordable, practical and accessible information to people working in and with the nonprofit arena, whether they are paid staff, directors, board me mbers, philanthropists or volunteers. It integrates commitment facets to entire community and that’s why this research plays a vital position in analyzing the better things to be considered for better service delivery (Drucker, 2006). Meanwhile, the manager of a nonprofit has control over the relations with its stakeholders. The support of stakeholders can be maintained by satisfying their concerns and meeting their expectations. The effectiveness of a nonprofit organization is dependent on the ability of these entities of maintaining productive relationship with all stakeholder groups. One of the findings of the study performed by the author of the journal article is that when executives use a consistent or thematic approach in dealing with the different stakeholder groups the organization is perceived as more effective. More so, the article provided an interesting discussion of the influence stakeholders have on nonprofit organizations. It is in the best interest of a manag er to maintain constant communication with stakeholders in order to understand their needs. The existence of nonprofit organizations is deeply engrained in the society of the United States as it has deep roots. The Greco-Roman culture places emphasis on community, citizenship, and social responsibility. Two distinct concepts associated with nonprofits are charity and philanthropy. Charity refers to giving intended to attend current human needs, while philanthropy is